Guess what, pet fans?! Pets have teeth, too! As a matter of fact, dogs have 42 permanent teeth and cats have 30 permanent teeth. February is National Pet Dental Health Month. This month is dedicated to preserving the dental health of the millions of beloved furry creatures abiding in our homes and hearts. The American Veterinary Dental Society has reported by the age of three, 80% of dogs and 70% of cats will develop gum disease. Periodontal disease is the most common infectious disease in the world for pets today. The good news is that it can be controlled and prevented with a regime of home care provided by companion animal caretakers and professional treatment by your veterinarian.
How to tell if your pet has dental disease is simple and involves a bit of investigation. First of all, select a quiet spot to snoop in your beloved creature’s mouth. Be gentle and patient! You do not need to open the mouth; place your hand gingerly around the mouth and use your thumb and index finger to lift the upper lips. Especially note the large teeth in back, where plaque and tartar accumulate the most. Any red line where the gum joins the teeth indicates inflammation or gingivitis. If acceptable to the pet, gently press on the teeth to see if any are loose. Also, examine the front teeth for looseness or redness. If your companion refuses to allow a peek in the mouth, has bad breath, or is reluctant to eat, then there is definitely periodontal disease. See your veterinarian immediately.
Once your pet has periodontal disease, your veterinarian will recommend a treatment regime, depending on the severity. Often this will include blood work to detect any potential problems before sedating your pet for cleaning of the teeth. Unfortunately, chronic periodontal disease can lead to kidney disease, since harmful bacteria can become lodged in the kidney. Each time your pet swallows, the bacteria from the mouth can be transmitted through the bloodstream, often resulting in secondary diseases. Antibiotics are often given at the time of the dental cleaning to prevent any of these difficulties. A thorough dental prophylaxis includes scaling, sub-gingival curetting, ultrasonic cleaning, fluoride treatment and polishing. This is similar to a human dental cleaning, except pets don’t sit back in the chair and say “Ahhhh!” Sedation is needed to keep all of the veterinarian’s and assistant’s fingers intact during the procedure.
Keeping your pet’s gums and teeth healthy really is not a labor-intensive affair. The best bet is to start at a young age (10 – 12 weeks if possible) by slowly introducing the toothpaste and brush. Special toothpaste (which does not have to be rinsed) in a variety of flavors such as poultry, malt and mint is available from your veterinarian. Finger brushes work well; they are little rubber brushes which fit over your index finger and can easily reach those big teeth in the rear of the mouth and be rinsed for years of healthy brushing. Some pets are feisty and refuse brushing. These creatures respond best to an oral gel, which doesn't require brushing. Special treats have been developed with enzymatic toothpaste built right in; such high quality rawhides and kitty treats make it a snap to keep a healthy mouth. Several pet food companies offer diets, which are meant to reduce the plaque and tartar build-up by daily feeding. Please consult your family veterinarian for the best options for your companion.
Overall, the American Veterinary Dental Society suggests a three step plan to help prevent dental disease.
1. Take your pet to the veterinarian.
2. Start a home care routine.
3. Get regular veterinary checkups.
Occasionally, your pet may require special expertise. The American Veterinary Dental College has approximately 50 Diplomats who have completed extensive training and studies in animal dental health. We are fortunate in Illinois to have at least two of these unique veterinarians. Consult your veterinarian for referrals if necessary.
So for February, brush, brush, brush – and watch those darling smiles shine!
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